Taking advantage of increased Zoom use and people's fear of intimate moments being exposed, scamsters are using a new extortion method called sextortion. Researchers at Avast claim that they have blocked over 500,000 such attacks, where users were threatened by scammers with a threat to make their intimate moments public.
Sextortion scams are dangerous and unsettling and can even have tragic consequences for affected users. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cyber-criminals see a strong opportunity for success as people spent more time on Zoom and in front of their computers all the time.
Sextortion starts with an email. Sextortion emails mislead victims into thinking that the attacker owns a recording of their screen and camera and that recording contains images or videos of the potential victim in sexually explicit situations. The attackers use this claim of a recording to blackmail the victim into paying the attacker.
Digital security and privacy products developer Avast says it has blocked over half a million sextortion attack attempts in January itself. "Most of these attacks targeted English-speaking users including 3,980 in India, but Avast threat labs researchers have also seen campaigns in other countries in local languages."
"All of the sextortion campaigns seen by Avast use the same modus operandi, with scammers sending emails to users claiming they recorded the user during private, intimate moments, and threatening to expose them to the public unless the victim pays money to the attacker," it added.
The most prevalent sextortion campaign takes advantage of the increased use of video conferencing services during the COVID-19 pandemic, falsely claiming to have accessed a user's device and camera. Avast says it saw an uptick of these campaigns during the holiday season in December 2020.
The scamsters claim in an email they took advantage of critical vulnerabilities in the Zoom application, allowing them access to the user's device and camera. However, Avast says it has not found any actual vulnerabilities in the Zoom application.
The email also mentions a "recorded sexual act", that the attacker got "access to sensitive information", and that this can lead to "terrible reputation damage" unless a payment of $2,000 in Bitcoin is made.
A distinctive feature of this campaign, according to Avast, is that emails look like they are sent from the user's email address to themselves; however, only the sender's name displayed has been modified and clicking on it reveals the real email address of the sender.
In the second most common campaign, an email is sent to the user in which the attackers claim a Trojan was installed on the recipient's machine a few months ago, which then recorded all the potential victim's actions with a microphone and webcam, and exfiltrated all data from the devices, including chats, social media, and contacts. The attackers demand a ransom in crypto-currencies, and include a note about a fake 'timer' that started when the email was received, in order to set a ransom deadline.
"As with the Zoom campaign, these threats are all fake. There are no undetectable Trojans, nothing is recorded, and attackers do not have your data. The timer included in the email is another social engineering technique used to manipulate victims into paying," says Marek Beno, malware analyst at Avast, in a blog post.
Avast threat labs researchers advise people to stay calm and ignore sextortion emails instead of reacting to them, as they usually are fake claims. Beno says, "As scary as such emails may sound, we urge people to stay calm if they receive such a message in their inbox and ignore it, as it is just a dirty trick that cybercriminals use to try to get your money."
Avast threat researchers have observed additional sextortion campaigns, some of which are originally in different languages and the content is automatically translated in a tool like Google Translate.
How To Recognize Sextortion Emails
• Sextortion scams are emails that falsely claim that the sender of the email owns a recording of their screen and camera, showing the user in intimate moments.
• The attackers often emphasise the humiliation and embarrassment of the situation to blackmail the victim into paying them money, often in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoins.
• Often, the language used is perfect; however sometimes attackers simply seem to be using Google Translate to localise a message, which can be another indicator for users that the message is not trustworthy.
• In some cases, the email looks like it is sent by the victim itself, but the true sender can easily be revealed by clicking on the sender name, which will show the email address the message was sent from.
• Attackers may show you old, leaked passwords of yours to make their message more credible. However, leaked passwords are sold on the dark web and attackers can easily use them for their campaigns to cause additional concern.
How to Protect Yourself From Sextortion Emails
• Stay calm. The attacker does not actually own any recordings and is using social engineering techniques to scare and shame you into paying.
• Treat the email like you would treat spam emails: ignore them. Do not respond and do not pay any money.
• If the attacker has included an older leaked password of yours, change your password to a long, complex password if you have not done so already.
