NPS: Should You Fall for the Additional Rs50,000?
The money you save today will be extracted from you when you exit the scheme
 
Contributions to pension schemes were limited to Rs1 lakh under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. This was an anomaly because all other investments under Section 80C fetched Rs1.5 lakh as a tax break. You can now get a tax break for contributions of up to Rs1.5 lakh for insurance pension under Section 80CCC. But traditional pension products from insurance companies offer pathetic returns because your money is invested in debt instruments. Pension ULIPs (unit-linked insurance plans) may not give spectacular returns due to an implicit guarantee of non-zero returns. The insurer can invest in mix of debt and equity as per their discretion. 
 
In a major step towards popularising the National Pension Scheme (NPS), the Budget 2015-16 has made significant changes. It has increased the limit of 80CCD, under which NPS investment is tax-free, from Rs1 lakh to Rs1.5 lakh. Also, an additional Rs50,000 invested in the NPS can be claimed as a deduction under the new Section 80CCD (1B). This additional deduction can be a big incentive for investors. A taxpayer in the 30.9% tax bracket can save up to Rs15,450 in tax every year. Should you consider?
 
NPS has its own peculiar features. The money is locked-in until you turn 60 years of age. On maturity, 40% of the corpus has to be compulsorily invested into annuity which is a taxable product. Annuity locks your investment till your death. There are different kinds of annuities. The popular annuity option is the return of purchase price to your nominee after your death. The remaining 60% of the maturity corpus can be withdrawn in a phased manner, between the age of 60 and 70. But the lump-sum is taxable. Many websites wrongly claim that the lump-sum (60%) is tax-exempt. NPS falls in EET (exempt–exempt-tax) category. You are not paying taxes on the gains your NPS investment makes, but on the amount you withdraw prematurely or on maturity. This is a killer. Until NPS gets into EEE (exempt-exempt-exempt) category, it is one of the worst pension products. Returns will be destroyed by tax. No matter how gung-ho ‘experts’ are after the recent Budget changes, taxability of NPS is a deal breaker. 
 
Pension plans by life insurers under Section 80CCC and NPS under Section 80CCD also qualify for tax deduction within this overall limit under Section 80C. But pension plans and NPS drawbacks have already been elucidated. You need to ignore pension products from life insurers and NPS for Rs1.5 lakh limit of 80C. You have better avenues like PPF, ELSS, etc. But the additional deduction of Rs50,000 through Section 80CCD (1B) by investment in NPS makes it attractive. Saving on taxes of Rs15,450 for investor in the 30.9% tax bracket is an advantage; but, until NPS gets into the EEE category, the product is a bummer.
 
In a recent media interview, PFRDA (Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority) chairman, Hemant Contractor, said that the absence of EEE status for NPS was preventing faster enrolment into the Scheme. The Budget offering Rs50,000, as tax-exemption is a start, but EEE will give it the boost. 
Comments
Preetham
1 decade ago
I think the basis of making it EET was the premise that the insurer would not be in the highest tax-bracket upon retirement. As he/she would be a Senior citizen and would not have the same levels of income as they would have during investment.
Shashibhushan Gokhale
1 decade ago
Very correct analysis. If proceeds in NPS are made tax free similar to how returns from ULIP's are tax free under the garb of insurance, it would be one of the most powerful as well as simplest investment vehicle in the country. It is already difficult for most to estimate returns from unpredictable equity. Making it EET even with capital gain benefit would make it difficult for most to understand the expected returns reducing response to it.

The bare minimum expectation is for clarity from government and a boost as well as public welfare (introducing a simple retirement product that can given market-linked returns for all citizens) would be to make it EEE.
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